#Surfer 12 serial youtube series

Intravenous gadopentetate dimeglumine (0.2 mL/kg) contrast was administered at the discretion of the radiologist at the time of initial evaluation. Sagittal STIR sequence (TR: 3100/TE: 39/NEX: 1/section thickness, 3 mm at 4-mm intervals) was also used in 5 subjects. MR imaging was performed at the treating hospital by use of conventional thoracic and lumbar imaging protocols that included sagittal T1-weighted (TR: 400/TE: 8/NEX: 1/section thickness, 3 mm at 4-mm intervals), T2-weighted (TR: 3400/TE: 84/NEX:1.5/section thickness, 3 mm at 4-mm intervals), axial T1-weighted (TR: 617/TE: 11/NEX: 1/section thickness, 4 mm at 5-mm intervals), and T2-weighted fast spin-echo (TR: 4283/TE: 99/NEX: 2/section thickness, 4 mm at 5-mm intervals) sequences on a 1.5T GE Signa (Milwaukee, Wisconsin) or Phillips Achieva (Andover, Massacjusetts) scanner.

#Surfer 12 serial youtube series

1, 10 This case series aims to describe the MR imaging characteristics in 23 individuals diagnosed with surfer's myelopathy and to determine if MR imaging characteristics are associated with severity on neurologic examination and clinical outcome. Surfer's myelopathy is usually associated with a T2-hyperintense spinal cord lesion in the thoracic region, but the imaging findings of this disorder and their clinical correlates have not been carefully characterized. Arterial insufficiency from hyperextension of the lumbar spine, venous hypertension associated with obstruction of the inferior vena cava by the liver while lying in a prone position, fibrocartilagenous embolism caused by retrograde embolism of the nucleus pulposus into the radicular spinal cord arteries, or avulsion of perforating arteries have all been proposed. The etiology of surfer's myelopathy is unknown. Recovery ranges from complete return of function to persistent paraplegia. There are no treatments available that are known to improve clinical outcomes. 10 Given the rarity and novelty of diagnosis, surfer's myelopathy may be underdiagnosed and under-reported. These individuals characteristically have a prodrome of back discomfort followed by an acute myelopathy with variable motor-sensory involvement and urinary incontinence.

2 вЂ“ 9 Surfer's myelopathy affects novice surfers who have been lying prone on a surfboard with the lumbar spine hyperextended for prolonged periods of time. 1 вЂ“ 10 Most of the literature on surfer's myelopathy consists of single case reports. A limited number of cases have been reported in the literature. First described in 2004 by Thompson et al, 1 surfer's myelopathy is a rare, nontraumatic spinal cord injury that usually occurs in novice surfers.